Wastewater treatment is required to provide a hygienic environment. A sewage treatment plant must purify wastewater from houses, factories, and businesses before they discharge it into the environment. There are different processes in sewage treatment, the simplest of which are primary and secondary treatment. It should be clear that primary and secondary treatment are different to recognize how a sewage treatment plant can work effectively.
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Primary Treatment
Primary treatment phase is the initial phase of the sewage treatment process. The phase is primarily accountable for the physical elimination of bulky solids from the sewage. It includes the following processes:
1) Screening: Large wastes like plastic, leaves, and sticks are removed by mesh screens.
2) Grit Removal: Heavy particles like sand and gravel settle down in grit chambers.
3) Sedimentation: The wastewater is filled in large containers where solids sediment at the bottom and water remains.
Primary treatment removes about 60-70% of solids from sewage and hence the first line of defense against wastewater treatment. But primary treatment does not eliminate dissolved contaminants or disease-causing microorganisms and hence comes secondary treatment.
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Secondary Treatment
The secondary treatment occurs after primary treatment. It is used to take out dissolved organic matter and pollutants that survived primary treatment. Secondary treatment employs biological treatment, most notably through microorganisms, to degrade organic contaminants. Secondary treatment processes include:
1) Activated Sludge Process: Microorganisms are added to water in this process, and microorganisms degrade the organic compounds and decompose the organic matter into innocuous products.
2) Trickling Filters: Wastewater is trickled over a rock filter bed covered with bacteria in this process, and organic pollutants may be degraded by the microorganisms.
3) Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR): It is a novel process using biofilm-covered media floating in the wastewater and creating a suitable environment for the microorganisms to purify the water.
Secondary treatment is effective in removing around 85-90% of the organic impurities, and hence it is very effective in wastewater treatment. The water must be made safe for discharge in natural water bodies or for other uses.
The Significance of Both Processes within a Sewage Treatment Plant
Though both primary and secondary treatment are a part of any sewage treatment plant, both are used for different purposes. Primary treatment is to remove gross solids, whereas secondary treatment is for organic pollutants and microorganisms that are harmful to the environment. Both are used to make sure that the wastewater is as clean as possible before it is discharged or reused.
Netsol Water is the best sewage treatment plant manufacturer as they have turnkey solutions that support the primary and secondary treatment phases to perfection.
What Treatment Does Your Sewage Treatment Plant Require?
The primary and secondary treatment requirements vary depending on local authorities, the purpose of the treated water, and type and quantity of wastewater. Most industrial and municipal plants need secondary and primary treatment in an effort to ensure water safety.
At Netsol Water, rest assured that your sewage treatment plant will be designed to your specifications, featuring primary and secondary treatment systems to provide optimum performance.
Conclusion
The primary and secondary processes must be employed to treat sewage in detail before it can be released into the environment once more. Primary treatment destroys big solids and garbage while secondary treatment employs biological processes to decompose toxic pollutants. Both processes are required in a bid to obtain quality effluent.
For those looking to have a sewage treatment plant installed, Netsol Water is the finest Sewage Treatment Plant manufacturer.
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